The Cultivation CanonTabatabaei Advising
Light: PAR, PPFD, DLI & Photon Efficacy

PPFD/DLI Targets & Spectrum Economics

Stage-by-stage PPFD and DLI setpoints, the 800–900 PPFD ceiling without CO2, and why fixture efficacy beats spectral tweaks for ROI.

9 min read

Here are the numbers you actually dial in, stage by stage. These are commercial-indoor starting ranges from the Bugbee/USU light work and AROYA field data — verify against your cultivar and your quantum-sensor map.

StageTarget PPFD (µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)PhotoperiodDLI (mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹)
Clone / seedling150–30018 h10–20
Vegetative300–60018/620–40
Flower (no CO2)600–90012/12~26–39
Flower (CO2-enriched, commercial)1,000–1,50012/12~43–65
Research ceiling (still linear)up to ~1,80012/12up to ~78

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